Final Submission to the Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference in Federal Electoral Processes and Democratic Institutions in Canada

Special Report

January 7, 2025

The Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference (PIFI) is a critical initiative aimed at addressing foreign interference and strengthening national security in Canada. PIFI’s mandate includes evaluating current policies, practices and systems that address foreign interference; enhancing transparency; and recommending improvements for more effective governance.

These recommendations reflect a need to achieve higher levels of strategic transparency concerning foreign interference threats, the value of a further systematic review of the Canadian national security and intelligence (NSI) system, targeted improvements to the capacity of the NSI community, and measures to achieve greater political actor literacy on foreign interference threats.

About the Authors

Wesley Wark is a CIGI senior fellow.

Aaron Shull is the managing director and general counsel at CIGI. He is a senior legal executive and is recognized as a leading expert on complex issues at the intersection of public policy, emerging technology, cybersecurity, privacy and data protection.