This conference report summarizes the key points and discussions from a session held on October 6, 2021, in place of CIGI and Oliver Wyman’s eighth annual Financial Regulatory Outlook Conference, given continuing travel restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The session focused on the specific challenges for regulation and supervision in the financial ecosystem where new technologies such as blockchain are favouring the introduction of crypto-assets, which, de facto, represent a possible challenge to central banks’ monopoly on monetary supply. This report first discusses the technical background on blockchain technologies, then examines crypto-asset markets and closes with the interconnections with monetary policy.